Era 4: expansion and reform (1801-1861)
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Era 1: Three Worlds Meet (Beginnings to 1620)
Era 2: Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)
Era 3: Revolution and New Nation (1754-1820s)
Era 4: Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)
Era 5: Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)
Era 6: The Development of the Industrial United States (1870-1900)
Era 7: The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)
Era 8: The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
Presentations
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Bison R Us: The Buffalo as Cultural Icon presentation by Elliott West at the 2004 Summer Institute. Presentation Notes
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The Mexican-American War by Dr. Thomas Andrews
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Tata Atanasio Trujillo’s Unlikely Tale: A Family Story of Ute Indians and Nuevomexicanos in the Colorado Borderlands by Dr. Thomas Andrews
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The Coming of the Civil War by Dr. Thomas Andrews
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Indian Removal by Dr. Thomas Andrews
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“Making Sense of Maps” by David Stephens (Map Analysis)
Curriculum
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Civilized Savages: American Indian Policies in the Age of Jefferson (Primary Source-Based Unit) by Derek Strahn, Bozeman High School
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Andrew Jackson: Heads or Tails by Danice Toyias
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Maps and Western Expansion--Map Analysis and Mapping the West by Jim Bruggeman
Books
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Joy Hakim, The New Nation (Book Number 4)
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James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (Oxford History of the United States)
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Theda Perdue and Michael Green, The Cherokee Removal: A Brief History with Documents (The Bedford Series in History and Culture)
Era 4: Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)
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Era Four One-page Guide (PDF) (This is a one page document for teachers to reference when creating their lesson plans. By checking the standards that apply, teachers can show how their lessons meet district, state, and national curriculum Standards.)
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Era Four Summary (PDF)
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Era Four: Standard Guide (PDF)
Pinterest Board for this Era
![]() Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way (mural study, U.S. Capitol) 1861 Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze Smithsonian American Art Museum |
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Links and Resources
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For additional resources,background information, links, and more on the "Significance of the Frontier," visit the PBS New Perspectives on the West website. http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/links/index.htm#topics
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U.S. Census Maps http://www.segenealogy.com/sgo03.htm
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American Passages Context Activities: Miss America, The Image of Columbia
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The Geneology of American Political Parties from John Hicks
Bibliographies
Andrew Jackson, "The Golden Age" of Democracy and the Market Revolution
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Altshuler, Glenn C. and Suart M. Blumin. "The Limits of Political Engagement in Antebellum America ." Journal of American History, 1997 84(3): 855-885.
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Remini, Robert V. Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Democracy, 1833-1846. New York : Oxford Press, 1991.
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Watson, Harry L. Andrew Jackson vs. Henry Clay: Democracy and Development in Antebellum America. Boston : Bedford/St. Martins, 1998.
Indian Removal and the Story of Major Ridge
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King, C. Richard and Charles Fruehling Springwood. Team Spirits: The Native American Mascots Controversy. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 2001.
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Perdue, Theda and Michael Green. The Cherokee Removal: A Brief History with Documents.
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Perdue, Theda. Slavery and the Evolution of Cherokee Society, 1540-1866. Knoxville : University of Tennessee Press, 2002.
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Rogin, Michael Paul. Fathers and Children: Andrew Jackson and the Subjugation of the American Indian. New York : Knopf, 1975.
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Wilkins, Thurman. Cherokee Tragedy: The Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.
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Wildinson, David Maria. Oblivious Altar: A Novel of Courage. New York : New American Library, 2002.
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